Medscape

Echo Case: Four of a Kind

Hello and greetings from Bronx, New York. This is Ronald Wharton. I am a cardiologist at Montefiore Medical Center and the Albert Einstein College of Medicine. I thought I'd share with you something ...
Healio

Cardiology Physical Examination Pearls

An S4 heart sound cannot be present during atrial fibrillation (atrial kick is required). An S3 heart sound cannot be present in the setting of severe mitral stenosis. An S3 heart sound can be present ...
The New England Journal of Medicine

Variations in the First Apical Sound Simulating the So-Called “Presystolic Murmur of Mitral Stenosis” — A Phonocardiographic Study

ALTHOUGH Fauvel, 1 in 1843, attributed the apical presystolic murmur to stenosis of the mitral valve, Duroziez's 2 description — "ffout-tata-rou" — in 1862 has been considered as the classic ...
Healio

General Cardiology Part 5

Describe the murmur of an atrial septal defect (ASD)? The murmur produced by an ASD is due to increased flow through the pulmonic valve, thus it is remarkably similar to that of pulmonic stenosis. The ...