A real-time hybrid fire simulation algorithm is developed and tested to capture the expected behaviour of a steel column within a structural frame, considering the slow thermal expansion of the stiff ...

Cold-formed steel (CFS) has emerged as a versatile and sustainable material in modern construction, offering considerable advantages in terms of weight, ease of fabrication and enhanced performance ...

Many renovated buildings replace wood and masonry structural elements with steel. The replacement of heavy wooden roof and floor joists with the lighter steel open-web bar-truss joists is a common ...

Metal building system builders have an option to use straight columns or tapered columns to hold up the structure. In many metal building applications, straight columns may have more steel than they ...

New research shows steel I- and T-sections inside concrete beams can offset shear loss from web openings—enhancing safety in ...