"Elsewhere on Mars, rocks like these are probably some of the most important outcrops we've seen from orbit because they are just so hard to form," Horgan said. "You need so much water that we think ...

Due to extreme temperatures and the dryness of Mars, it's thought to be impossible for liquid water to form on the planet's surface, a critical precondition for habitability. The only hope of finding ...

Making Mars Earthlike is not impossible in principle, but the scale of mass, heat, oxygen, and energy required makes it far beyond current capability.

Exploring the presence and behavior of water on Mars is critical for understanding the planet’s geological evolution, hydrological processes, and potential habitability, which has been a central ...

Mars' north pole contains a large ice cap made up of many layers of frozen water. Like ice cores on Earth, those layers offer a tantalizing record of climate on Mars over the past several million ...

Earth has kept a habitable climate for >3.5 billion years (Gyr). By contrast, Mars has lost surface habitability over time, a contrast that demands explanation. The main climate-regulating greenhouse ...

Mars, the enigmatic Red Planet, has long captivated humanity with its stark, seemingly barren landscape. Today, it’s a cold, dry world – a shadow of its once-vibrant past. But what if this desolate ...