On November 6, 1860 Abraham Lincoln was elected President of the ... Federal troops returned the fire. The Civil War had begun. Immediately following the attack, four more states -- Virginia ...

Finally, constitutionally and politically, Lincoln had to grapple with the evolving meaning of the Civil ... the war must lead to “a new birth of freedom” or it would have been fought in vain. Major ...

When Abraham Lincoln was preparing ... “We don’t have proof” that Lincoln did the cutting and pasting, said Michelle Krowl, a Civil War historian at the Library of Congress.